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The most interesting part of your Egypt trip is Islamic Medieval Cairo with all the fascinating Islamic architecture, and the very rich elements of the ancient complexes, Saabils, & the Mashrabiyya art work. Cairo is an Islamic City was founded at the time of Al-Moez Ledin Ellah the Fatimid by the leader gawhar El-Seqell at the end of the 9th century. The name of the old Islamic city properly is Al-Qahira meaning the almightly city.
The city was fortified by a huge wall with three gates, Zwaila, Al-Naser, and Al-Fotoh.
There are hundreds of mosques to visit in Islamic Cairo, some of them were founded by the fatimids at the time the city was founded like Al-Azhar mosque, Al-Hakim mosque, Al-Moaeyyed mosque, and some mosques were founded by the ayyoubs and the Mamloks like the complex of Sultan Qalawoon, the complex of Sultan Al-Ghori and many others. Khan El-Khalili area used to be downtown of the ancient city, just in the heart of Al-Qahira.